Description

AOD-9604 5mg – Human Growth Hormone Fragment Research Peptide

AOD-9604 5mg is a synthetic peptide investigated in scientific research involving lipid metabolism, adipose tissue biology, human growth hormone fragment activity and experimental metabolic signalling. Also known as Anti-Obesity Drug 9604 and LAT8881, AOD-9604 is a modified peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human growth hormone (hGH).

The peptide contains 16 amino acid residues and incorporates an intramolecular disulfide bond. Its molecular design was developed to investigate selected metabolic effects associated with the C-terminal region of human growth hormone while distinguishing these effects from the broader growth-promoting activity of the complete hormone.

Early laboratory and animal studies reported effects on lipid metabolism and adipose tissue responses. However, the larger human obesity research programme did not establish a statistically significant weight-loss benefit, and development for obesity was discontinued.

AOD-9604 therefore remains relevant to research into peptide structure, metabolic pathways, experimental lipolysis and the limitations of translating animal findings into human clinical outcomes.

What Is AOD-9604?

AOD-9604 is a synthetic analogue of a fragment derived from human growth hormone.

Its sequence contains 16 amino acid residues, with 15 corresponding to the C-terminal region of human growth hormone and an additional N-terminal tyrosine residue.

The peptide was developed as part of a research programme investigating whether selected metabolic effects associated with growth hormone could be studied separately from its wider endocrine activity.

AOD-9604 has also been identified in scientific and regulatory records under the development name LAT8881.

Although the compound was investigated as a potential obesity treatment, clinical research did not establish it as an effective weight-loss medicine.

AOD-9604 5mg Product Specifications

• Product Name: AOD-9604 5mg
• Full Name: Anti-Obesity Drug 9604
• Alternative Names: AOD9604, LAT8881, Tyr-hGH(177-191)
• Classification: Synthetic human growth hormone-derived peptide fragment
• Reference Peptide Length: 16 amino acid residues
• Reference Sequence: Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe
• One-Letter Sequence: YLRIVQCRSVEGSCGF
• Disulfide Bond: Between cysteine residues at positions 7 and 14
• Reference Molecular Formula: C78H123N23O23S2
• Approximate Molecular Weight: 1,815.09 g/mol for the oxidised free peptide
• Reference CAS Number: 221231-10-3
• Labelled Quantity: 5mg
• Research Category: Metabolic and peptide biochemistry research
• Research Focus: Lipid metabolism, adipose tissue biology and peptide structure
• Purity: Requires batch-specific verification
• Salt Form: Confirm with manufacturer
• Physical Form: Confirm with manufacturer
• Storage: Follow verified manufacturer instructions
• Intended Use: Laboratory research only

The molecular formula and molecular weight above describe the reference oxidised free peptide. Commercial preparations containing acetate, trifluoroacetate, water or other components may have different analytical characteristics.

Understanding the Molecular Structure of AOD-9604

AOD-9604 contains 16 amino acid residues connected through peptide bonds.

The sequence is derived from the C-terminal region of human growth hormone, with an additional tyrosine residue at the N-terminus.

The reference peptide contains two cysteine residues that form an intramolecular disulfide bond.

This disulfide linkage creates a constrained molecular structure and is an important part of the compound’s chemical identity.

The presence and correct position of the disulfide bond should be considered during analytical characterisation.

Researchers should distinguish the oxidised disulfide-bonded peptide from reduced or otherwise modified forms because these may differ in chemical and biological properties.

How Does AOD-9604 Work?

AOD-9604 was developed to investigate metabolic activities associated with a fragment of human growth hormone.

In selected laboratory and animal models, researchers reported changes in lipid metabolism, including processes associated with lipolysis and fat oxidation.

Lipolysis is the breakdown of stored triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.

These processes are regulated by multiple hormones, enzymes and cellular signalling pathways.

Some preclinical investigations examined possible involvement of adrenergic signalling and other metabolic mechanisms.

However, the precise molecular targets and clinically relevant mechanisms of AOD-9604 in humans have not been established.

Importantly, observations of lipolysis in laboratory or animal experiments do not demonstrate meaningful weight loss in humans.

Scientific Research Into AOD-9604

1. Lipolysis Research

Lipolysis is a metabolic process in which stored triglycerides are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol.

It is regulated by a complex network of hormonal and intracellular signals.

AOD-9604 has been investigated in preclinical research involving lipid breakdown and adipose tissue metabolism.

Some animal experiments reported changes in lipolytic activity following exposure to the peptide.

These findings helped establish the scientific rationale for its original obesity research programme.

However, laboratory measurements of lipid breakdown are not equivalent to clinically meaningful reductions in body weight.

2. Adipose Tissue Research

Adipose tissue is a specialised connective tissue involved in energy storage, endocrine signalling and metabolic regulation.

It contains adipocytes and additional cell populations that contribute to tissue function.

AOD-9604 has been investigated in experimental models involving adipose tissue metabolism.

Researchers have examined whether the peptide influences selected processes associated with fat storage and mobilisation.

Some preclinical findings suggested effects on adipose tissue responses.

However, the available human evidence does not establish AOD-9604 as an effective treatment for excess body fat.

3. Human Growth Hormone Fragment Research

Human growth hormone is a larger protein hormone involved in growth, metabolism and endocrine regulation.

Its biological effects arise through multiple interacting pathways.

AOD-9604 was designed using a short region of the growth hormone molecule.

Researchers investigated whether this fragment could exhibit selected metabolic activities without reproducing the full spectrum of growth hormone-associated effects.

This approach is relevant to peptide structure-activity relationship research.

However, the biological behaviour of a short peptide fragment should not be assumed identical to that of full-length human growth hormone.

4. Lipid Metabolism Research

Lipid metabolism includes the synthesis, storage, transport and breakdown of fats.

These processes are essential for energy balance and cellular function.

AOD-9604 has been investigated in animal models examining metabolic responses and lipid-related pathways.

Some studies reported changes in selected markers of lipid metabolism.

However, the precise mechanisms and clinical significance of these findings remain uncertain.

Results from animal models cannot establish equivalent effects in humans.

5. Obesity Research and Clinical Trials

AOD-9604 was originally developed as a potential treatment for obesity.

Early experimental studies suggested that the peptide might influence lipid metabolism.

These findings supported further investigation in human clinical research.

However, the larger Phase IIb obesity programme did not demonstrate a statistically significant improvement in weight loss compared with placebo.

Following these results, development of AOD-9604 for obesity was discontinued.

This is an important limitation when evaluating claims about the peptide’s effectiveness.

AOD-9604 should not be presented as a clinically proven fat-loss treatment.

6. Growth Hormone and IGF-1 Research

Human growth hormone participates in the regulation of insulin-like growth factor 1, commonly abbreviated IGF-1.

IGF-1 is involved in growth-related signalling and several physiological processes.

AOD-9604 was developed to investigate selected metabolic effects associated with growth hormone fragments.

Human studies have examined endocrine and metabolic safety measurements, including IGF-1-related outcomes.

However, the absence of certain growth hormone-associated effects in selected studies does not establish comprehensive long-term safety.

7. Peptide Structure-Activity Research

Structure-activity relationship research examines how molecular features influence biological properties.

AOD-9604 provides an example of a short synthetic peptide derived from a larger protein hormone.

Its sequence, N-terminal tyrosine residue and disulfide bond contribute to its chemical identity.

Researchers may investigate how these structural features influence stability, molecular interactions and experimental activity.

Accurate peptide identity testing is important because changes in sequence or oxidation state may alter the material being studied.

8. Experimental Joint and Cartilage Research

AOD-9604 has also been investigated in preclinical research involving cartilage and joint-related biological processes.

These studies are separate from the original obesity development programme.

Some animal experiments have explored potential effects in models of cartilage injury or joint disease.

However, preclinical findings do not establish AOD-9604 as an effective treatment for osteoarthritis, joint pain or cartilage damage in humans.

Clinical safety and therapeutic effectiveness remain unestablished.

9. LAT8881 Research

LAT8881 is another development name associated with AOD-9604.

Research involving LAT8881 has examined additional biological applications beyond the original obesity programme.

These investigations include pain-related clinical research.

However, later clinical studies have not established a proven therapeutic benefit for pain or joint disease.

Researchers should distinguish exploratory findings from outcomes confirmed through adequately controlled clinical trials.

AOD-9604 vs Human Growth Hormone

AOD-9604 and full-length human growth hormone are chemically distinct.

• AOD-9604: A synthetic 16-amino-acid peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human growth hormone.
• Human Growth Hormone: A much larger protein hormone containing 191 amino acid residues.
• Molecular Structure: AOD-9604 contains a short modified sequence and an intramolecular disulfide bond.
• Research Focus: AOD-9604 has been investigated for selected metabolic and experimental tissue-related activities.
• Clinical Evidence: Findings involving full-length growth hormone cannot automatically establish the effectiveness of AOD-9604.

The two molecules should not be treated as interchangeable.

AOD-9604 vs HGH Fragment 176-191

AOD-9604 is frequently associated with the C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone.

However, accurate molecular identification requires attention to the complete amino acid sequence and chemical modifications.

The reference AOD-9604 sequence contains an N-terminal tyrosine residue and a disulfide bond between cysteine residues at positions 7 and 14.

Commercial products marketed under broad names such as HGH fragment 176-191 may not always have identical specifications.

Researchers should verify the actual peptide sequence rather than relying on product naming alone.

AOD-9604 5mg vs AOD-9604 2mg

AOD-9604 5mg and AOD-9604 2mg should represent the same reference peptide at different labelled quantities.

• 5mg Product: Labelled as containing 5mg of research material.
• 2mg Product: Labelled as containing 2mg of research material.
• Reference Sequence: Both should correspond to YLRIVQCRSVEGSCGF.
• Molecular Structure: Both should contain the same reference disulfide linkage.
• Purity and Identity: Must be verified separately for each batch.

A higher labelled quantity does not establish greater molecular potency or superior research quality.

AOD-9604 and Weight Management Research

AOD-9604 was originally developed as an experimental obesity treatment.

Its development was based partly on preclinical findings involving lipid metabolism.

However, the larger human obesity programme did not demonstrate a statistically significant weight-loss benefit over placebo.

Consequently, AOD-9604 is not an established treatment for obesity or weight management.

Claims that AOD-9604 reliably burns fat, eliminates abdominal fat or produces sustained human weight loss are not supported by the clinical evidence.

AOD-9604 and Muscle Growth Research

AOD-9604 is sometimes discussed alongside growth hormone-related compounds.

However, its molecular structure and original research objectives differ from those of full-length human growth hormone.

There is insufficient reliable clinical evidence that AOD-9604 increases skeletal muscle mass, improves strength or enhances athletic recovery.

It should not be described as a proven muscle-building peptide.

Understanding the AOD-9604 5mg Label

The 5mg designation refers to the labelled quantity of research material.

It does not represent a recommended human dose or independently verify the actual peptide content, purity or biological activity.

Researchers should confirm whether the stated mass refers to the free peptide, a salt form or another defined material specification.

Batch-specific documentation is necessary to establish the identity and analytical characteristics of the supplied material.

AOD-9604 5mg Research Quality and Documentation

Important considerations when evaluating AOD-9604 research material include:

• Verification of the complete 16-amino-acid sequence
• Confirmation of the N-terminal tyrosine residue
• Verification of the disulfide bond between cysteine residues 7 and 14
• Identification of the supplied peptide salt form
• Batch-specific certificate of analysis
• Appropriate analytical purity testing
• Mass spectrometry or another suitable identity method
• Confirmation of the labelled 5mg quantity
• Assessment of synthesis-related impurities
• Manufacturer and batch traceability
• Documentation of counterions and formulation components
• Verified packaging specifications
• Product-specific storage and stability information
• Clearly stated research-use classification

These details help distinguish chemically characterised research material from products identified only by commercial names.

Storage and Handling of AOD-9604

AOD-9604 research material should be stored according to verified manufacturer instructions.

Storage requirements depend on the peptide’s salt form, physical presentation, formulation and packaging.

Researchers should not assume that all AOD-9604 products have identical stability or shelf-life characteristics.

Laboratory handling should follow relevant safety documentation and institutional procedures.

AOD-9604 Safety and Scientific Limitations

AOD-9604 is an investigational peptide that has been studied in humans, but its long-term safety and therapeutic effectiveness have not been established.

Regulatory assessments have identified limitations in available safety data, particularly for routes of administration not adequately studied in controlled clinical research.

Potential concerns include immunogenicity, peptide aggregation, impurities, formulation-related reactions and unknown long-term effects.

Reported adverse events in clinical studies require careful interpretation because their relationship to the compound was not always established.

AOD-9604 is not an established approved medicine for obesity, fat loss, joint disease or other therapeutic indications.

Research-grade material should not be assumed suitable for injection, ingestion or other human administration.

This information is intended for scientific and educational purposes only and does not provide medical advice, human dosing recommendations or administration instructions.

Frequently Asked Questions About AOD-9604 5mg

What is AOD-9604 5mg?

It is a product listing for a synthetic 16-amino-acid human growth hormone-derived research peptide with a labelled quantity of 5mg.

What does AOD-9604 stand for?

AOD refers to Anti-Obesity Drug, reflecting the compound’s original development programme.

Is AOD-9604 the same as LAT8881?

Yes. LAT8881 is another development name associated with AOD-9604.

How many amino acids are in AOD-9604?

The reference peptide contains 16 amino acid residues.

What is the molecular weight of AOD-9604?

The oxidised free peptide has an approximate molecular weight of 1,815.09 g/mol.

What is the AOD-9604 peptide sequence?

The reference sequence is YLRIVQCRSVEGSCGF, with a disulfide bond between cysteine residues 7 and 14.

Is AOD-9604 the same as human growth hormone?

No. AOD-9604 is a short synthetic fragment-derived peptide, while human growth hormone is a much larger protein.

Does AOD-9604 cause weight loss?

The largest obesity trial did not demonstrate a statistically significant weight-loss benefit compared with placebo.

Is AOD-9604 approved for obesity treatment?

No. AOD-9604 is not an established approved obesity medicine.

What is AOD-9604 researched for?

It has been investigated in lipid metabolism, adipose tissue biology, obesity research and additional experimental tissue-related studies.

Does AOD-9604 increase muscle mass?

There is insufficient reliable clinical evidence demonstrating increased muscle mass or strength in humans.

What does the 5mg designation mean?

It refers to the labelled quantity of research material, not a recommended human dose.

AOD-9604 5mg – Product Summary

AOD-9604 5mg is a synthetic 16-amino-acid peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human growth hormone.

Its molecular structure and original obesity research programme have made it a subject of interest in metabolic and peptide biochemistry research.

Although selected laboratory and animal studies reported effects on lipid metabolism, the larger human obesity programme did not establish a significant weight-loss benefit.

Researchers should verify the peptide sequence, disulfide structure, purity, salt form, labelled quantity and batch-specific documentation before selecting AOD-9604 5mg for laboratory investigation.